
Project-Related Publications
- Boge, F.J., Schuster, A. and Stoll, F. (forthcoming). Special Issue: Scientific understanding and Machine Learning in science: From traditional themes to recent developments and new vistas, Studies in History and Philosophy of Science
- Schuster, A. (2026). Understanding Protein Folding with Machine Learning? The Case of AlphaFold2, Synthese, doi: 10.1007/s11229-025-05426-4
- Boge, F. J. (forthcoming). The Influence of Artificial Intelligence on Scientific Knoweldge and the Role of the Philosophy of Technology: A Philosophy of Science Perspecive [in German], in Friedrich, A., Gehring, P., Nordmann, A., Hubig, C. & Kaminski, A. (eds), Jahrbuch Technikphilosophie, Nomos
- Boge, F. J. (forthcoming). Understanding (and) Machine Learning’s Black Box Explanation Problems, in Curtis-Trudel, A., Barack, D., and Rowbottom, D. P. (eds), The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Science: Methodological and Epistemological Studies, Routledge
- Boge, F. J. and de Regt, H. W. (2025). Machine Learning Discoveries and Scientific Understanding in Particle Physics: Problems and Prospects, in: Duran, J. M., and Pozzi, G. (Eds.), Philosophy of Science for Machine Learning, Synthese Library, Springer
- Boge, F. J. & Schuster, A. (2025). How can we Trust Opaque Systems? Criteria for Robust Explanations in XAI, 2025 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), Rome, Italy
- Boge, F. J. & Mosig, A. (2025). Put it to the Test: Getting Serious About Explanation in Explainable Artificial Intelligence, Minds and Machines, 35(26), doi: 10.1007/s11023-025-09724-1
- Boge, F. J. (2025). Models: Measuring or Cognitive Instruments? Journal for General Philosophy of Science, doi: 10.1007/s10838-025-09733-9
- Boge, F. J. (2024). Re-Assessing the Experiment / Observation-Divide, Philosophy of Science, do: 10.1017/psa.2024.23
- Mosig, A. and Boge, F. J. (2024). Causality and Scientific Explanation of Artificial Intelligence Systems in Biomedicine, European Journal of Physiology, doi:10.1007/s00424-024-03033-9
- Boge, F. J. (2024). Functional Concept Proxies and the Actually Smart Hans Problem: What’s Special About Deep Neural Networks in Science, Synthese, doi: 10.1007/s11229-023-04440-8
- Boge, F. J. (2022). Two Dimensions of Opacity and the Deep Learning Predicament, Minds and Machines, 32(1), pp. 43-75, doi: 10.1007/s11023-021-09569-4
- Boge, F. J., Hillerbrand R., and Grünke, P. (2022). Introduction: Machine Learning: Prediction Without Explanation? Minds and Machines, 32(1), pp. 1-11, doi: 10.1007/s11023-022-09597-8
- Boge, F. J., Hillerbrand R., and Grünke, P. (2022). Machine Learning: Prediction Without Explanation?, Minds and Machines Special Issue, 32(1)
- Boge, F. J. (2021). Why Trust a Simulation? Models, Parameters, and Robustness in Simulation-Infected Experiments, British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, doi: 10.1086/716542
- Boge, F. J. and Poznic, M. (2021). Meeting report: Machine Learning and the Future of Scientific Explanation, Journal for General Philosophy of Science 52(1), 171–176, doi: 10.1007/s10838-020-09537-z
- Boge, F. J. and Grünke, P. (2019). Computer Simulations, Machine Learning and the Laplacean Demon: Opacity in the Case of High Energy Physics, forthcoming in Resch, Kaminski, and Gehring (Eds.), The Science and Art of Simulation II, Springer
Presentations
- Boge, F.J.: „Inside the Chinese Library: Why There Still is no Strong Claim to Strong AI“, AISolA Conference , Nov 2025, Rhodes (Greece)
- Stoll, F.: „Deep Neural Networks as Mediators: Rethinking Deep Learning and Scientific Understanding“, Oxford Philosophy Graduate Conference, Nov 25, University of Oxford
- Boge, F.J.: „Put it to the Test: Getting Serious About Explanation in XAI“, SciML Conference , Oct 25, Stuttgart University
- Schuster, A.: “Mental, Scientific, and Artificial Representations?” (with Nina Poth), GAP conference, Sep 25, HHU Düsseldorf
- Stoll, F.: „Understanding (with) Deep Neural Networks in Particle Physics“, GAP Conference, Sep 25, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf
- Stoll, F.: „Understanding (with) Deep Neural Networks in Particle Physics“, EPSA Conference, Aug 25, Groningen
- Schuster, A. & Boge, F.J.: “How can we trust opaque systems? Criteria for robust explanations in XAI”, IACAP conference, Jul 25, University of Twente
- Boge, F.J.: “A Novel Approach to the Pessimistic Induction”, Research Colloquium Theoretical Philosophy, Jun 25, HHU Düsseldorf
- Stoll, F.: “Empirical and Theoretical Links: Rethinking the Role of DNNs in Scientific Understanding”, Epistemology and Theory of ML Workshop, May 25, LMU Munich
- Stoll, F.: “A Multi-Layered Approach to Scientific Understanding with DNNs“, Mini PhilML Workshop, Apr 25, Tübingen University
- Schuster, A.: “SHAPley Values – Subjective Objectivity in XAI”, Mini PhilML workshop, Apr 25, Tübingen University
- Stoll, F.: “Start Making Sense: Understanding Particle Physics with Deep Neural Networks and Explainable AI”, GWP Conference, Mar 25, FAU Erlangen/Nürnberg
- Schuster, A.: “From objectual to explanatory understanding with AlphaFold2”, GWP conference, Mar 25, FAU Erlangen
- Schuster, A. & Boge, F.J.: Symposium: “Advancing Understanding: XAI at Interfaces between Machine Learning, Life Sciences, and Philosophy”, Lamarr Lab Visits, Feb 25, TU Dortmund University (with Jürgen Bajorath & Andrea Mastopietro)
- Schuster, A.: “From objectual to explanatory understanding with AlphaFold2”, Lamarr Lab Visits, Feb 25
- Stoll, F.: “Understanding particle physics with DNNs and XAI”, Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Science Conference, Nov 24, Lingnan University Hong Kong
- Schuster, A.: “From Objectual to Explanatory Understanding with Alphafold2”, AI and the Future of Science Conference, Nov 24, Lingnan University Hong Kong
- Boge, F.J.: “Re-Assessing Machine Cognition in the Age of Deep Learning”, Bayreuth Research Forum, Oct 24, Bayreuth University
- Schuster, A. & Stoll, F.: “Understanding without understanding“, PhilML Conference, Sep 24, Tübingen University
- Stoll, F.: “Epistemological Issues of Machine Learning in Science”, Machine Learning Journal Club, Aug 24, RWTH Aachen University
- Boge, F.J.: “What is Special About Deep Learning Opacity?”, Special Lecture Series on Philosophy of Science, Aug 24, Seoul National University
- Boge, F.J.: “Re-Assessing Machine Cognition in the Age of Deep Learning”, Special Lecture Series on Philosophy of Science, Aug 24, Seoul National University (special lecture)
- Boge, F.J.: “Understanding (and) Machine Learning’s Black Box Explanation Problems”, Mini-Workshop on Philosophy of Science, Aug 24, Seoul National University (special lecture)
- Schuster, A.: “A new pathway to scientific understanding – From objectual to explanatory understanding with AlphaFold2”, IACAP conference, Jul 24, University of Oregon
- Boge, F.J. & Stoll, F.: Symposium: “Deep Neural Networks in Particle Physics: Aids or Obstacles to Understanding?”, BSPS 2024 Annual Conference, Jul 24, University of York (with H.W. de Regt, and M. King)
- Stoll, F.: “Navigating the Black-Box”, 6th SURe Workshop, Jun 24, London School of Economics
- Schuster, A.: “Understanding Deep Learning Geometrically – Conceptual Spaces in Deep Neural Networks“, 6th SURe Workshop, Jun 24, London School of Economics
- Schuster, A.: “A new pathway to scientific understanding – From objectual to explanatory understanding with AlphaFold2”, Philosophy of Science and Epistemology Conference, Jun 24, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Boge, F.J.: “Put it to the Test: Getting Serious about Explanation in XAI”, Colloquium Digitale, Jun 24, RU Bochum University
- Schuster, A.: “Understanding deep learning geometrically”, Rationality and Cognition Workshop, May 24, RU Bochum
- Boge, F.J.: “Re-Assessing the Experiment / Observation Divide”, Wuppertal Philosophy of Physics Meeting, May 24, BU Wuppertal University
- Schuster, A. & Stoll, F.: “Pathways towards scientific understanding with Deep Neural Networks”, 49th Philosophy of Science Conference, Apr 24, Inter-University Center Dubrovnik
- Boge, F.J.: “Put it to the Test: Getting Serious about Explanation in XAI”, 49th Philosophy of Science Conference, Apr 24, Inter-University Center Dubrovnik
- Boge, F.J.: “Put it to the Test: Getting Serious about Explanation in XAI”, Ethics of AI (Un-)Explainability, Mar 24, Münster University
- Stoll, F.: “Navigating the Black-Box: Understanding Particle Physics with Deep Neural Networks and XAI”, Epistemological Issues of Machine Learning in Science Workshop, Feb 24, TU Dortmund University
- Schuster, A.: “A new pathway to scientific understanding”, Epistemological Issues of Machine Learning in Science Workshop, Feb 24, TU Dortmund University
- Schuster, A. & Stoll, F.: “Scientific Understanding and Deep Neural Networks”, Explainable Intelligent Systems Colloquium, Jan 24, online
- Boge, F.J.: “Understanding (and) Machine Learning’s Black Box Explanation Problems in Science”, DoDaS Research Colloquium, Jan 24, TU Dortmund University
- Boge, F.J.: “Deep Learning for Scientific Discovery and the Theory Freedom-Robustness Trade-Off”, History and Philosophy of Physics Seminar, Jan 24, Bonn University
- Boge, F.J.: “Understanding (and) Machine Learning’s Black Box Explanation Problems in Science”, The Philosophy of AI in Science, Dec 23, University of Cambridge
- Stoll, F.: „Analogy- and Interaction-based Model Transfer: The Case of Black Hole Thermodynamics”, Model Transfer in Science Workshop, Nov 23, LU Hannover
- Boge, F.J.: “Three Notions of Observation and the Experiment / Observation Divide”, PoS around the World Conference, Nov 23
- Boge, F.J.: “Deep Learning for Scientific Discovery and the Theory Freedom-Robustness Trade-Off”, Philosophy of Experiment Conference, Nov 23, Stockholm University
- Boge, F.J.: “Realism Without Interphenomena: Reichenbach’s Cube and Quantum Solipsism”, Reconsidering Solipsism Workshop, Oct 23, University of Vienna
- Boge, F.J.: “Understanding (and) Machine Learning’s Black Box Explanation Problems”, AITE Conference, Oct 23, University of Tübingen
- Boge, F.J.: “Deep Learning Robustness for Scientific Discovery: The Case of Anomaly Detection”, PhilML: Philosophy of Science Meets Machine Learning Conference, Sep 23, University of Tübingen (opening lecture)
- Boge, F.J.: Symposium: “Machine Learning in Contemporary & Future Science”, BSPS 2023 Annual Conference, Jul 23, University of Bristol (with A. Curtis Trudel, W. Pedden and E. Sullivan)
- Boge, F.J.: “Local Holism and a Puzzle About Confirmation”, Colloquium for the History and Philosophy of Science, May 23, RU Bochum
- Boge, F.J.: “Deep Learning Robustness for Scientific Discovery: The Case of Anomaly Detection”, The VEIL Online Lectures, Jun 23, University of Lübeck